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Project.021: USB Device Drivers Development

Abstract:

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices. USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals topersonal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.


The universal serial bus (USB) is a connection between a host computer and a number of peripheral devices. t was originally created to replace a wide range of slow and different buses—the parallel, serial, and keyboard connections—with a single bus type that all devices could connect to.Today USB has grown beyond these slow connections and now supports almost every type of device that can be connected to a PC.

Introduction:


USB stands for Universal Serial Bus Even though Unix traditionally considers a device as either a "Char Device" or a "Block Device" (as outlined by the ``c'' or ``b'' in their /dev entry points), new classes of device are being introduced as technology advances. One of such classes is that of ``USB devices''. 
The Linux kernel supports two main types of USB drivers: drivers on a host system and drivers on a device. The USB drivers in a device, control how that single device looks to the host computer as a USB device A USB device can have multiple configurations and might switch between them in order to change the state of the device. USB interfaces handle only one type of a USB logical connection, such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a audio stream. Some USB devices have multiple interfaces, such as a USB speaker that might consist of two interfaces: a USB keyboard for the buttons and a USB audio stream . USB endpoint can carry data in only one direction, either from the host computer to the device (called an OUT endpoint) or from the device to the host computer (called an IN endpoint). A USB endpoint can be one of four different types that describe how the data is transmitted: BULK,CONTROL,ISOCHRONOUS,INTERRUPT 


 

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