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Issues, queries and suggestions.Transmission Control Protocol
Issues, queries and suggestions related to 05.Transmission Control ProtocolShould be put here...
by
pravjot
October 29
004.05.Transmission Control Protocol
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Array Store which type of memory?
How can declear and call array of function pointer
I have litile bit confused. So plz explain.
by
mdaliakbar
October 28
Query
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5. Using `pidstat` for Process Monitoring
Monitor specific process with utilities eg top and iotop. This is display refreshes over time, and each update erases the previous output. The pidstat utilities allows you to see the resources consumption of a process over time in the style of vmsta…
by
mdaliakbar
October 28
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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003.05.Inter-ProcessCommunication. Pipes
This is a condition of zombie process, you have to use wait system call in the parent process to wait for the child to finish its execution alternatively .
by
bhatnagarharsh37
October 27
003.05.01.Inter-Process-Communication. Pipes
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003.05.Inter-ProcessCommunication. Pipes
While doing execl from child, code runs fine but it does not return to shell prompt. I need to press any key for that. What might be the reason for it.
by
chandhanif
October 27
003.05.01.Inter-Process-Communication. Pipes
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1. Understanding Process Structure and Types
In the context of Linux we can define a process as an address space with one or more threads executing within that address space and the required system resources for those threads.we can use ps -ef command to see the processes where columns like PI…
by
riteshtyagi725
October 23
003.02.91.Interview Questions. Intro-to-Processes
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5. Using `pidstat` for Process Monitoring
While monitoring specific processes using `top` and `iotop` , the display refreshes over time and each update erase the previous output.pidstat utility allows you to see the resource consumption of a process over time in the style of vmstat.
Althou…
by
riteshtyagi725
October 23
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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4. Per-Process I/O Monitoring with `iotop`
`iotop` generates a continuously updating display that shows the processes using the most I/O, with a general summary at the top.TID - thread ID of the process.PRIO - I/O priority.I/O -- I/O reads and writes for the process.
by
riteshtyagi725
October 22
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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3. Monitoring I/O with `iostat`
iostat shows the statistics of your machine's current uptime.
`tps` -- Average number of data transfers per second.`kB_read/s` - Average number of kilobytes read per second.`kB_wrtn/s` - Average number of kilobytes written per second.`kB_rea…
by
riteshtyagi725
October 22
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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2. Analyzing CPU Time with `vmstat`
us, sy, id and wa columns represent the percentage of time CPU is spending on user tasks, system(kernel) tasks, idle time and waiting for I/O.we can use these values to see how much CPU utilization is there for a given period of time(like idle time …
by
riteshtyagi725
October 22
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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1. Understanding `vmstat` Output
`vmstat` is useful for getting a high level overview of how often the kernel is swapping pages in and out, how busy the CPU is and how I/O resources are being utilized.
we can use vmstat 2 which will report statistics every two seconds.The output f…
by
riteshtyagi725
October 22
003.01.92.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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6. Default Parameter Values in Functions
1 #! /bin/bash 2 3 greet() 4 { 5 local name=$1; 6 local greeting=${2:- "hello"} 7 echo "$name,$greeting" 8 } 9 10 var=" jack " 11 greeting="bye" 12 greet $var 13 greet $var…
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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4. Returning String Values from Functions
1 #! /bin/bash 2 string_rev() 3 { 4 local str1=$1 5 echo $str1|rev 6 } 7 8 read -p "Enter the string " str1 9 str2=$(string_rev $str1) 10 echo "string in reverse order $str2 "
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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10. Combining Multiple Concepts
1 #! /bin/bash 2 3 file_info() 4 { 5 echo "File info are " 6 stat $1 7 } 8 9 string_info() 10 { 11 local str1=$1 12 length=${#str1} 13 echo "The length of string is $length " 14…
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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5. Using Positional Parameters in Functions
1 #! /bin/bash 2 3 print_params() 4 { 5 echo " First three positinal paramets are " 6 echo "\$1==$1 " 7 echo "\$2==$2 " 8 echo "\$3==$3 " 9 } 10 11 12 print_params $1…
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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3. Returning Integer Values from Functions
#! /bin/bash 2 3 is_even() 4 { 5 if (( $1%2==0)) 6 then 7 return 0; 8 else 9 return 1; 10 fi 11 } 12 13 read -p "Enter no " num 14 is_even $num 15 16 if [ $? -eq 0…
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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2. Passing Parameters to Functions
#! /bin/bash 2 3 greet() 4 { 5 echo "HELLO,[$1]!" 6 } 7 8 9 greet "jack" 10 greet "johnny"
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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1. Basic Function Definition
#! /bin/bash 2 3 hello() 4 { 5 echo "Hello, World!" 6 } 7 8 9 10 hello
by
abhinandan2971verma
October 21
011.07.Structured Scripting. Functions
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20. Tracking Page Faults for Processes
we can monitor page faults using command such as time, top and ps.
Example of time command:ritesh@ritesh-ThinkPad-T470:~$ /usr/bin/time cal > /dev/null/usr/bin/time: cannot run cal: No such file or directoryCommand exited with non-zero status 12…
by
riteshtyagi725
October 18
003.01.91.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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19. Understanding Page Faults
If a memory page isn't ready when a process wants to use it , the process triggers a page fault.
Minor page fault: a minor page fault occurs when the desired page is actually in main memory, but the MMU doesn't know where it is. this can …
by
riteshtyagi725
October 18
003.01.91.Interview-Questions-Introductory-Concepts
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